Soul Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soul Food - Essay Example hered steak; macaroni and cheese; egg custard; bread pudding; sweet potato pie; peach cobbler; pound cake; blackberry cobbler; Red Velvet cake; banana pudding; fried chicken; baked hen and cornbread dressing; okra, corn and tomatoes; and fried corn and fried okra, as well as fried green tomatoes, amongst hundreds of other variations of recipes using different meats, fruits and vegetables. Soul food, as we now know it, actually came from a combination of foods grown and raised in America coupled with an African and Native American "spin" on the style and methods of cooking. Much of this food was derived from the leftovers from the plates and tables of plantation owners in the south. For instance, slaves who prepared foods for the master's table had to prepare the "better" parts of a ham or chicken for the big house and often found themselves eating the parts of the animal that the master and his family and guests did not care to eat, such as the guts, skin, feet, neck and "cock's comb." The slaves has to find ways to improvise on what was given to them, so they found ways to dress it up and make it taste good. While it is true that much of soul food was prepared from poorer quality foods that were essentially "throw-outs" given to slaves (in much the same manner as the slaves would "slop" a hog or feed a dog by giving it table scraps), over time the quality got better. These days, soul food is made from much higher quality meats, as well as fresher produce, than the times in which it was derived. Methods of preparation African-Americans, just as did many white settlers, adapted much of their food prep and cooking methods from Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee. Cooking in large community pots and digging pits for underground overnight roasting of pigs are still common ways of cooking for larger crowds in the Deep South. Also adapted were many methods of canning and preserving foods for the long hard winters when little was available, this is how "pickling" and jar foods came into existence.[1] Other methods, such as soaking, basting, and marinating different foods for flavoring also came from the Native Americans; however, it is important to remember that Africans imported to America from the Motherland did not routinely eat raw foods. African people were traditionally taught as youth the importance of using moist heat to keep meats tender and juicy, and of using many different kinds of spices or rubs to enhance the coloring and flavor on what may have been otherwise considered as " bland" unappetizing foods. The Culture of Soul Food Cooking A well-known saying is

Imperialism, World War 1 and Anti-Colonialism Essay

Imperialism, World War 1 and Anti-Colonialism - Essay Example Great Britain was the greatest imperialist nation in history. In fact, â€Å"By 1914, the British Empire included one-fourth of all the land and people of the Earth† (Lecture 5, 5). As tension built up in the prelude to World War 1, Britain countered the threat of the ‘Triple Alliance’ composed of Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy, through its ‘Triple Entente,’ with France and Russia and a further alliance with Japan in 1902. When the Entente declared war on Germany in August 1914, all Britain’s colonial possessions and dominions, including Australia, were incorporated into the war. The Australian recruiting poster, which serves as Source # 2, demonstrates that nationalism played a major role in instigating war. Although Australia is separated geographically from Europe, it very definitely identified itself as a ‘white’ nation with strong ties to the mother-country, Britain. It is evident that the excessive nationalism, termed th e â€Å"fatal flaw in the European system† is prevalent in Australia too and Australians saw the war from Britain’s point of view and adopted the â€Å"my country-right-or wrong† variety of nationalism† (Lecture 6, 2). The poster shows the national flag as a rousing, revered symbol, glorifies the soldier and emphasizes that the nation’s World War 1 effort requires the patriotic contribution of every man and woman, through taxes, factory work or nursing. World War I was ‘great’ in every aspect, including the large number of casualties. Roughly 9 million were killed and 21 million wounded.

Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing - Term Paper Example This particular objective is affective in nature. The reason for this is that it involves an emotional assessment of the acquired knowledge. It is a vertical growth from the cognitive stage (Read 1997). The third objective was to devise appropriate alternative learning activities. This objective is psychomotor in terms of domain because it a practical use of related knowledge. It marks a kind of physical process in the conceptualization process where acquired knowledge is processes into applied forms of knowledge. The fourth objective for this course was to develop a theoretically based justification for the alternative learning activity you suggest. This objective is also psychomotor in the sense in which it involves the practical conversion of the primary knowledge into its respective derivatives. This stage bridges the process of knowledge into all possible forms and by so doing creates more room for the expansion for the general body of knowledge. The various forms through which the primary knowledge is expressed therefore become the fresh thesis from which further advances might be made in the generation of knowledge. The cognitive domain as represented in the first objective can be characterized according to all the six levels of the cognitive domain. Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The environment and the teaching aids that make up the learning environment are quite conducive for these levels (O’Connor 2006). The electronic visual equipments such as the power point projector and the computer systems together with the controls of light and temperature are significant factors that define the six levels in the cognitive domain. The domain of the second objective is affective. The set up in the study environment satisfies the level of receiving, responding, valuing, and organizing. The study area has tools for auditory effects and is amply supplied with tools to measure and evaluate. This means therefore that

Parents vs. the Media Essay Example for Free

Parents vs. the Media Essay Due to childrens fascinations with violence, recent massacres at schools have been linked to media influence. Often troubled children use the news to gain attention. Many of the children committing these crimes are children that are being teased in school. Most of the children involved in school shootings have never had a past criminal record. Psychologists believe that these troubled children are using the media merely because no one else will listen to their problems. The reoccurrence of copycat crimes is on the rise, and it seems at times we overestimate how much violence is really occurring. The constant struggle between the media and those who feel it is saturated with violence continues on. However, it is difficult to determine whether there is a strong correlation between the two. Parents are uniting around the country to form groups against violence in the media. They believe that the violence in entertainment and the media is to blame for the copycat syndrome. Psychologists believe that children are vulnerable to feelings of psychological injury. Therefore, when children are being tormented they feel a sense of rage and worthlessness. This feeling causes them to look upon society as an enemy. For instance, The Trenchcoat Mafia was a group of teenagers that formed a violent gang, and turned against killed their classmates after seeing the movie Basketball Diaries. They felt isolated from the rest of the school, and believed the only way to gain popularity was through displaying acts of violence. This type of behavior has drastically increased and is seen all over the media. Parents blame the media for over-exposure of school violence. The parents see the media lacking in follow-up stories. These stories should show how it affected the lives of the killers, the victims and their families. Furthermore, the follow-up stories can present a better understanding of the consequences. Rather, the news seems to be showing their viewers almost how to carry out such crimes. On the other hand, the media is simply providing the public with current events. The media reports both positive and negative events. The news provides coverage on the issues that are most appealing to the public. For example, the first school shooting at Columbine began a major controversy. The public became extremely concerned, and safety in schools became a hot topic. The media simply reports on these events, they are not to be held responsible for violent occurrences. Their responsibility is to give coverage on events that affect our society as a whole. Parents should not view the media negatively, but see it as a source of information. Such information can give parents reasons for teaching their children morals. Children that come from broken homes may have been exposed to violence, and use this as a solution to their problems. Parents of these children should provide special psychiatric help to prevent them from becoming violent. If teachers are aware a students extreme misconduct, they should inform the childs parents as well as the schools counselors. Therefore, the school can solve the problem before it gets out of hand. Different approaches have been used to prevent these shootings from reoccurring. The most obvious solution has been increasing the security in schools, such as metal detectors and surveillance cameras. Some schools are simply educating their students about respecting each other, and have seen an improvement in the conduct of the students. When these issues improve, a healthier school will prevail.

Difficulties in Developing Petroleum Industry in Vietnam

Difficulties in Developing Petroleum Industry in Vietnam by Nguyen Duc Anh Tuan Introduction Nowadays, in the developing era with fast pace, those agricultural countries, particularly Vietnam, might not only focus on improving the agriculture but also pay attention to developing the industrial area. More specifically, Vietnam has been concentrating on how to develop the gas and oil industry recently. However, the country is still facing a lot of difficulties. This essay will discuss in depth about what are the problems and point out the potential causes for those challenges base on three questions: What are the reasons causing difficulties for the development? What are the effects of these problems for Viet Nam? What are possible solutions to resolve these problems? Definition of oil and gas According to the Vietnam Oil and Gas Law (1993) Oil and gas means crude oil, natural gas and hydrocarbons in gaseous, liquid or solid in its natural state except coal, shale, bitumen or other minerals can be extracted oil. Oil and gas activities is active exploration, development and mining of petroleum, including direct service activities for these activities. There are many oil and gas activities dividing into different areas. Situation of petroleum industry in Viet Nam The petroleum industry contributed most amount of foreign currency to serve the economy as electricity and gas, gasoline and clean energy. Recently, the National Oil and Gas Group Vietnam (PVN) has provided nearly 35 billion m3 of dry gas production, 40% of national electricity production, 35-40% urea demand and supply 70 % of LPG demand for industrial development and consumer welfare. Raw oil export has a strong growth and stability, greatly contributes to country exports, especially in earlier periods, averaging about 15%. Currently, this proportion has decreased and only at about 7.5. Although total exports are declining but oil and gas industry is still keeping the unit contribution at about 18-22% of total national GDP. (tapchitaichinh.vn, 2012) Causes and effects causing difficulties for the development First of all, it can be denied that there has been a lack of technology which put gas and oil industry of Vietnam under difficulty. After a long time being an agriculture focus country, Vietnam has decided to change and transform into an industrial country. Obviously, that decision may lead to the fact that the country might lack skills and technology to adapt to this industry. One of the main weaknesses of our country is that the government might not have enough capital to invest into developing and updating technologies. Prices of various types of equipment, supplies, fuel and services primarily are related to production and business activities which make investments more complicated. Vietnam oil and gas industry today is quite young with limited human resource capacity to supply so that it cannot meet demand. Our country mainly exports crude oil and imports refined oil to serve local demand. There are some refineries that went into operation as the Dung Quat oil refinery, Nghi Son refinery but only supply about 35% of domestic demand. Meanwhile, demand for petroleum products is increasing, not only in the short term but in the long term due to the population explosion and the continuous growth of the industry, especially the acceleration of the transport sector needs to do more According to OPEC, demand for petroleum fuels is increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries, and by 2025, the supply will not meet the demand. Moreover, increasing oil prices also have a tremendous impact on the development of this industry Those reasons above have led to human resource in gas and oil industry became more expensive. That led to the significant increase in the number of people who wish to work in the oil and gas sector. Many students said that they are studying the oil industry not only because of higher salaries, simply because of the fact that oil industry is considered to be the solutions for the future of the energy industry. However, Vietnam labor market is a serious imbalance between sectors and areas. We have abundant unskilled labor and a lot of labor who have shortage of Technical Skill. According to Mr. Hoang Nhat Thong (Office of the General Department of Sea and Islands), the economy in general marine, oil and gas industry in particular, is a severe manpower shortage will affect only the maritime economy and coastal contribute about 53-55% of the total GDP of the country in 2020. Urgent solutions Oil and gas industry is the field has to combine all of those technologies and sciences like astronomy, tides, marine sciences, construction and installation of offshore structures such as rigs, pipelines, tanks, drilling into the ground, the work of geology, geophysics, exploration of the stratigraphy†¦ Therefore, the application of science and technology in the oil and gas activities can ensure high efficiency, save natural resources, enhance oil recovery factor and other resources saving as well as protect ecological resources. Therefore we have to build human resources management system according to international standards, which include the application of information technology systems, mapping capabilities, the standard title, system evaluation, payment regulation, bonuses, rules and criteria for recruitment to appoint the head, proper planning and appropriate building standards, criteria representatives and representatives of Petro Vietnam stake in the oil and gas activities in the country and foreign pilot who runs accordance with the Law on Enterprises. For tax policy should define equality between domestic service with service by foreign companies perform as VAT, import duty, †¦ It should have clear policies and encourage oil and gas activities in the deep water offshore exploration and exploitation of natural gas tax policy should be adjusted based on the refinery and in the planning to compete with imported products, policies for gas and electricity prices should approach the market mechanism . Have appropriate policies related to arrange key capital projects through: Grant, loan guarantee and ensure currency converter to facilitate in arranging loans for major projects the state level, support preferential loans from the Development Bank minimum of 20% to 30% of total investment projects focus on oil and gas.(Pvcfc.vn, 2014) Evaluation Obviously, to develop gas and oil industry, it is important to fully invest in all areas however, all of those solutions have pros and cons themselves. All of the above mentioned solutions usually take long time and a lot of money to consider, improve and implement, especially investing in technologies and human resources. However, once those two are on set, they will have a great impact on this industry. Besides that, probably they do not take as much time as changing the country’s policy since it is much harder to change the whole country’s system. Finally, maybe gas and oil industry should go with technologies first since it is mandatory for such an industry. Regarding to human resources, we recently identified human resource as one of the most important factors to make decisions in production and business activities as well as drive force development of any society, particularly in the oil and gas industry it is also reflected in the work environment , in terms of general science, technology, international environment and different cultures. Conclusion Even though it is clear to say that gas and oil industry is still facing a lot of challenge if the government of Vietnam wants to develop this kind of industry more. In that case, they should consider about how to raise enough capital to invest in equipment, to cover potential loss and to recruit right people. However, it cannot be denied that this area of industry is very attractive for investor therefore Vietnam can also hope for big investment from foreign country to develop gas and oil industry. References: moj.gov.vn (1993), Luà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­t dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §u khà ­ năm 1993 (online). Available at http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10817 [Accessed 24 Dec 2014] Nang Luong Viet Nam (2014), Ngà  nh Dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §u khà ­ Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc thà ¡ch thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c an ninh năng lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc gia (online). Available at http://nangluongvietnam.vn/news/vn/dau-khi-viet-nam/nganh-dau-khi-viet-nam-truoc-thach-thuc-an-ninh-nang-luong-quoc-gia.html [Accessed 19 Dec 2014] Pvcfc.vn (2014), Chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c phà ¡t trià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n ngà  nh Dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §u khà ­ Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n năm 2020: Nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng già ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i phà ¡p cÆ ¡ bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n (online). Available at http://www.pvcfc.com.vn/article-detail.aspx?id=41 [Accessed 18 Dec 2014] tapchitaichinh.vn (2012), Ngà  nh Dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §u khà ­ Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam: Tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ m năng là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºn, tăng trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ng cao (online). Available at http://www.tapchitaichinh.vn/Chung-khoan/Nganh-Dau-khi-Viet-Nam-Tiem-nang-lon-tang-truong-cao/14143.tctc [Accessed 19 Dec 2014] tiasang.com.vn (2007), Khà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ §ng hoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ng năng lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ © 3 [online]. Available at http://tiasang.com.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=62News=1648CategoryID=7 [Accessed 23 Dec 2014] tuyendungthuyenvien.com.vn (2014). Ngà  nh dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §u khà ­ và   vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c tuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ng thuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n vià ªn tà  u dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §u (online). Available at http://www.tuyendungthuyenvien.com.vn/2014/10/nganh-dau-khi-va-viec-tuyen-dung-thuyen.html [Accessed 24 Dec 2014]

The Concept Of Linguistic Variation

The Concept Of Linguistic Variation The ability of spoken language is believed (by many) to be attributed uniquely to humanity. Despite this evidently phenomenal existence the exact date of languages birth remains unknown and yet it continues to evolve. (Klein, 2009) The study of this ever mutable method of communication has come to be known as linguistics. However due to the communal and social nature of the human race the study of sociolinguistics could be said to more accurately represent language within human societies. Furthermore Linguists have known for some time that differences in language are tied to social class (Ross, 1954) Sociolinguistics is the study of the way in which language varies and changes in social groups (communities) of speakers, focusing primarily on the impacts of linguistic structures (such as sounds, grammatical forms, intonation features, words, etc) and social factors (such as a speakers gender, ethnicity, age, degree of integration into their community, etc). (Reference) The study of sociolinguistics has ancestry in dialectology, beginning in the 1960s (reference) partly due to the existence of inadequate methods associated with previous approaches to the study of dialect. Sociolinguistics uses recordings of informal conversations as its data; taking a significantly more scientific approach relying on quantitative analysis to highlighting dialect differences. How language changes (meme Theory) One possible reason for this change and transition of language through social groups may be attributed to a unit of cultural evolution, the Meme. A meme is defined as an idea, behaviour or style that spreads from person to person within a culture. (Dawkins,) By this definition a Meme acts as an evolutionary/replicatory unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols or practices, allowing transmission from one mind to another through an act of imitation such as writing, speech, gestures or rituals. This description of the Meme and its transmission can be applied to the Learning of language. Such learning requires, at its foundation, the ability to imitate sounds (Tomasello, Kruger, Ratner, 1993). One may be uncomfortable in describing something as complex as language as imitation, however, language clearly fit the evolutionary theory in regards to Memes. Information is copied from person to person, variation is introduced both by degradation (due to failures of human memory and communication) and by the creative recombination of different memes. Selection of this variation is then a potential result of limitations on time, memory, transmission rates and other kinds of storage space. Variation between Social Classes As described sociolinguistics is built on the foundations the presence dialect variation is from random, but are determined by what Weinreich, Labov and Herzog (1968) defined as orderly heterogeneity structured variation. This structure can be shown in a number of ways, particularly interesting from the sociolinguist perspective is the correlation often exhibited between linguistic structure and social status. Varieties of English can be identified into two groups referring to the changes of the variable (Figure 1). The variable (t) refers to the use of a glottal stop instead of [t], such as in the word bottle, which can be written botle to represent the changed pronunciation of the medial (middle) [t]. Most English speakers appear to glottalise final [t] in words such as cat, with no/little correlation to social class. This is not the case however for the use of glottal stops in the medial position, e.g., bottle (botle), butter (buter). This variant is associated with a social stigma. Table 1 shows the occurrence of glottal stops corresponding to social class in Glasgow for all positions within a word (including the final [t]) compared with that occurring only in medial position (Macaulay 1977). Upper class (Professionals) is represented by Class I whilst the working class is represented by Class III (unskilled workers). When considering the glottal stop in the medial position, the highes t social class show zero occurrences, while the lowest class uses 68.8%. The above linguistic variation is not isolated in its relation to social classes; there are of course many other variables in English which show similar sociolinguistically significant distributions. Trudgill (1974) showed the relationship for variables (ing) and (h) in a Norwich based urban dialect study (Table 2). Once gain the values show the percentage of variant forms used by different classes. The variable (ing) refers to variations of alveolar [n] and a velar nasal [ng] in words ending with -ing for example breeding and cooling. Once again a lower social status is associated a higher percentage of nonstandard variation (alveolar) rather than standard (velar nasal) endings. In common terms this variants is known as `dropping ones gs, and is a commonly recognised marker of social status over the English-speaking world. The variable (h) refers to the presence between [h] and lack of [h] at the beginning of for example heart (eart) and hand (and). This particular variation is slightly more complicated as most urban accents in England do not have initial [h]and as such no variable of it. However in regions that do represent both variants (present of and lack of initial [h]) a similar pattern is shown. The lower the individuals social status, the more likely he/she is to drop hs. As shown in all the examples above a common pattern appears to form (these cases have dealt with stable linguistic features) this can be plotted affectively as an s-shape curve. Figure 2 shows the correlation for the absence of present tense markers (she play rather than she plays) with social classes (Trudgill 1974) once again the lower the social class, the higher the variation from standard. As shown in figure 2 the data represents a continuum (s-shaped curve) despite differences between classes, this can be consider once again in a broadly evolutionary sense. Just as the transmission of linguistic features (memes) may be stopped by physical geographical barriers (i.e. mountain ranges, oceans), it may also be hindered by social class. This limitation results in boundaries between social dialects that tend not to be perfect. As such sociolinguistics has should be considered a quantitative approach not a qualitative method. Future Developments The above approach outlined for analysing language variation has been popular, being used across many speaking communities worldwide. However, whilst these studies have accepted the basic guidance (the linguistic variable), some have suggested (reference) that sociolinguistic studies have been naive by correlating social facts about the subject in isolation (gender, ethnicity and social class), rather than observing how social groups come to be and change over time, and subsequently analysing the variants that emerge as a result. As a result some studies have become to approach studies form a bottom up perspective, examining self-forming social groups and see linguistic structure reflect these grouping rather than starting with a broad social category, and look at the language use within it (a top-down approach). Research

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Essay -- Crib Death SIDS

SIDS, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, a leading cause of death in infants under the age of one, has left medical experts unable to clearly define sudden infant death syndrome. After thirty years of research, the medical field has not discovered definite causes for SIDS. Medical experts have suggested many theories that have been studied and debated. In the Western world, SIDS is the most common cause of death for infants between two weeks and one year of age, but SIDS also occurs throughout the world. SIDS most commonly happens during sleep, although it can occur anywhere, such as in baby carriages, safety car seats, or even someone’s arms. There are no warning signals and there are no products to prevent SIDS. Ninety-five percent of SIDS cases happen in infants between two weeks and four months. The rate of occurrence is higher for boys than girls, with 60% percent in boys and 40% in girls. (American 1) Infants born to teenage mothers and low birth weight are considered high risk factors for SIDS. SIDS has been researched throughout the world, with many medical experts debating the studies. Some past theories believed to trigger SIDS were childhood vaccinations, blood disorders, apnea and even parent neglect, but none of these theories were proven true. In a more recent study, the H Pylori Link to SIDS proposed that there was "An association between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Helicobacter Pylori infection." (SIDS Alliance 5) The study asserted that H Pylori, a type of common bacteria associated to ulcers, was lethal when passed through saliva from an infected parent or other care giver by contact such as kissing. Among other reasons, the study was found faulty because the control population was flawed. On May 14, 2000, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development funded research announced finding that SIDS infants have an abnormal brain pathway. The affected areas of the brainstem are important to the functions in regulating breathing, heart beat and body temperature and arousal. "These findings show that SIDS infants have a more global biological deficit than we previousl... ...aap.org/policy/re9946.html. 2. Emery, RW Dr., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A "Diagnosis" in Search of a Disease, Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. Harcourt International, Australia, 1995, pp. 121-128. http://www.forwoman.net/owh/pr/1998%20Press%20Releases/22coct98.htm 3. SIDS: Uncovering the Mystery. Intellihealth, Harvard Medical School Health Information. http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH?t=23873&p=~br,IHW|~st,24479|~r,WSIHW000|~b,*|. 4. Study Confirms Deficit in Brainstems of SIDS Victims. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, May 16, 2000. http://156.40.88.3:9000/cgi-bin/query?mss=simple&pg=q&what=web&user=searchintranet&enc=iso88591&site=main&q=SIDS. 5. H Pylori Link to SIDS Challenged by SIDS Medical Experts. SIDS Alliance Organization, Media Advisory, Oct. 25, 2000. http://www.sidsalliance.org/media/default.asp?goto=85.